If you're set on using a miter joint, you could do a splined miter. This is a miter with a captured spline to add rigidity and strength of the long grain glued connection as opposed to the splines going across the outside of the miter. This excerpt from Woodcraft shows the type of spline I mean, it's something you should be able to achieve with a saw or small enough router bit, but make sure you have a fence setup with that to keep it stable and you safe during the cut.
this post was submitted on 22 Nov 2023
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Is there a reason you aren't using edge banding to cover the exposed edges?
I could do edge banding and switch to butt joints if I have to but I’d prefer the miters with this design.
I think a slined miter like edm00se suggested or a lock miter made with a router are probably your best bets for strength of the joint.
The joint doesn't need reinforcement and is actually probably stronger with just glue alone.