emdiplomacy

3. The #emdiplomacy handbook deliberately focuses on earlyModern European #diplomacy. It does however not see European diplomacy as a framework for global diplomacy. Therefore, comparisons should not be restricted to the dichotomy of European and global but consider European diplomacy as one form of diplomacy among others.
   (4/4)

#histodons #NewDiplomaticHistory #history

@dorotheegoetze@scholar.social @LenaOetzel@historians.social @histodons@a.gup.pe @historikerinnen@a.gup.pe @earlymodern@a.gup.pe @womenknowhistory@historians.social

2. THE key feature of #NewDiplomaticHistory is the emphasis of the #diplomatic actor that distinguishes it from traditional approaches in diplomatic #history which have highlighted surrounding structures.

This is also true for more structural perspectives such as the description of the development of #emdiplomacy in different parts of #Europe . Even here the authors have internalised the actor-centred approach.

As the actor-centred approach of new diplomatic history favours microstudies, there is a much greater risk that the field of #NewDiplomaticHistory will remain stuck at the micro level, failing to lift their results to a macro level. The #emdiplomacy handbook attempts to counteract this risk by bringing together the different strands of research on #earlyModern #diplomacy.
(3/4)

#histodons

@dorotheegoetze@scholar.social @LenaOetzel@historians.social @histodons@a.gup.pe @historikerinnen@a.gup.pe @earlymodern@a.gup.pe @womenknowhistory@historians.social

1. When writing the introduction chapter of the #emdiplomacy handbook, we discovered that, although #NewDiplomaticHistory is a vibrant field, there is a reluctance to define #earlyModern #diplomacy in most works.

Instead, #emdiplomacy is described by focusing on certain aspects such as diplomatic actors, practices or issues #emdiplomats dealt with.

The @emdiplomacy@hcommons.social handbook added a fourth aspect: spaces of diplomacy. This is also reflected in the structure of the handbook which contents three major parts on spaces, actors and practices.

However, the editors did not duck away and suggested the following definition:

“Early modern (European) #diplomacy is a way of channelling and organising cultural, political and economic contacts between different cultural and/or political actors and entities that can, but need not be, stately in the context of foreign relations.”
(2/4)

#Histodons #history

@dorotheegoetze@scholar.social @LenaOetzel@historians.social @histodons@a.gup.pe @historikerinnen@a.gup.pe @earlymodern@a.gup.pe @womenknowhistory@historians.social

Throughout his life, Meuting was not restricted to one profession. He was merchant, cultural mediator and #emdiplomat. His several roles existed simultaneously, overlapped and sometimes competed with each other.

If you want to know more about Anton Meuting, we recommend the book by Mark Häberlein and Magdalena Bayreuther (in German):

Häberlein, Mark, Bayreuther, Magdalena: Agent und Ambassador. Der Kaufmann Anton Meuting als Vermittler zwischen Bayern und Spanien im Zeitalter Philipps II. Augsburg 2013. (6/6)

#emdiplomacy #NewDiplomaticHistory #Earlymodern #histodons #history #adventCalendar #adventCalendar2024

@histodons@a.gup.pe @historikerinnen@a.gup.pe @earlymodern@a.gup.pe

Fours years later, in 1577, Meuting travelled to #Spain, again. This time, he had a bunch of smaller commissions to negotiate: debt claims of the descendants of the late Hans Jakob #Fugger, Ferdinand of Bavaria's Spanish pension, the support of king Philip II for the Bavarian bishopric policy, in particular for the election of Duke Ernst of #Bavaria as coadjutor of the bishopric of #Liège, as well as the possibility of the Spanish #Netherlands joining the #Landsberg Confederation.

During his last journey to Spain in 1590, Meuting did not act as an official representative for the duke of Bavaria, but acted as an informant who collected and provided information on the events and developments in #Madrid on a regular basis until he died there in 1591. (5/6)

#emdiplomacy #NewDiplomaticHistory #history #histodons #earlyModern #adventCalendar #adventCalendar2024

@histodons@a.gup.pe @historikerinnen@a.gup.pe @earlymodern@a.gup.pe

Anton Meuting did not limit himself to commercial activities and cultural mediation, but also repeatedly accepted diplomatic commissions. He passed on news and information, a core task of all #emdiplomats. Moreover, in 1573 duke Albrecht of #Bavaria commissioned him to secretly negotiate a marriage between the Bavarian princess Maximiliane and king Sebastian of #Portugal a nephew of the Spanish king, at the #court in #Madrid. At the end of the year, Meuting continued his mission to #Lisbon for secret negotiations with Sebastian’s grandmother, Catherine of #Austria who was in favour of this project. However, Meuting’s efforts did not succeed. (4/6)

#emdiplomacy #CourtStudies #NewDiplomaticHistory #dynasty #history #histodons #adventCalendar #adventCalendar2024

@histodons@a.gup.pe @historikerinnen@a.gup.pe @earlymodern@a.gup.pe

After his marriage in 1550, Anton Meuting worked as an independent merchant, especially in and with #Spain, where he established himself as a cultural broker between the #court in #Munich and the court in #Madrid and was active in various fields - the purchase and sale of goods, financial services. From 1560, he was regularly mentioned as a supplier of jewellery, devotional objects, silk, clothing and accessories to the Bavarian ducal court. (3/6)

#emdiplomacy #NewDiplomaticHistory #EconomicHistory #CourtStudies #Bavaria #history #histodons #adventCalendar #adventCalendar2024

@histodons@a.gup.pe @historikerinnen@a.gup.pe @earlymodern@a.gup.pe

Anton Meuting was son of Lukas Meuting, a merchant from #Augsburg who worked for the famous House of #Fugger. His brother-in-law did not only establish the branch of the trading company of the House of #Welser, the second famous Augsburg based merchant and banking family, at the Spanish #court but also provided an excellent and exceptional education abroad for Anton, including the acquisition of language skills in Spanish, the practising of a ‘courtly’ habitus and building up a network of contacts. Thus, Anton Meuting was well connected to the two most important European merchant families of his time.

By the way, did you know that these competing merchant families are now united in their very own museum?

https://www.fugger-und-welser-museum.de/

(2/6)

#earlymodern #emdiplomacy #NewDiplomaticHistory #Spain #courtStudies #history #histodons #HRE #trade #adventCalendar #EconomicHistory #AdventCalendar2024

@histodons@a.gup.pe @historikerinnen@a.gup.pe @earlymodern@a.gup.pe

If you want to learn more about Esaias #Pufendorf, we recommend the article by Beate-Christine Fielder (in German):

Beate-Christine Fiedler: Esaias v. Pufendorf (1628–1689). Diplomat in Europa und Kanzler in den schwedischen Herzogtümern Bremen und Verden – Eine biographische Skizze. In: Gemeinsame Bekannte. Schweden und Deutschland in der Frühen Neuzeit, ed. by Ivo Asmus, Münster 2003, 171-193.

(5/5)

#emdiplomacy #NewDiplomaticHistory #histodons #history #earlymodern #adventCalendar #AdventCalendar2024

@histodons@a.gup.pe @earlymodern@a.gup.pe @historikerinnen@a.gup.pe

His career as a Swedish #diplomat came to an end in the 1680s due to a conflict with members of the Swedish government on the state’s foreign policy. In 1687 #Pufendorf finally requested his resignation.

Already the following year he entered into Danish service and was dispatched to the #PerpetualDiet in #Regensburg as representative of the Danish king.

However, although it was not unusual for #earlymodern state servants and #emdiplomats to change employer, the Swedish government resented Pufendorf’s decision, probably because he chose Sweden’s fiercest rival. As a consequence, the Swedish Supreme court issued a verdict the year after Pufendorf’s death in which he was declared deprived of his land, property and life. (4/5)

#emdiplomacy #HRE #NewDiplomaticHistory #histodons #history #AdventCalendar #AdventCalendar2024

@histodons@a.gup.pe @earlymodern@a.gup.pe @historikerinnen@a.gup.pe

Shortly thereafter Pufendorf’s diplomatic career took off. In 1661 he accompanied the Swedish #ambassador to #England as a secretary. The following year #Pufendorf was sent to East #Prussia for negotiations with the coastal cities. In 1664 he joined the Swedish #embassy in #Paris where he stayed until 1670. That year Pufendorf was transferred to the Swedish duchies of #Bremen and #Verden and appointed councillor. In this capacity he continued his diplomatic activities in Northern Germany. In 1671 he became Swedish ambassador at the Imperial #court in #Vienna. (3/5)

#emdiplomacy #CourtStudies #NewDiplomaticHistory #HRE #history #histodons #AdventCalendar #AdventCalendar2024

@histodons@a.gup.pe @earlymodern@a.gup.pe @historikerinnen@a.gup.pe

After graduating from Saint Augustinus school in #Grimma, a school founded by prince elector Maurice of #Saxony for the education of future state servants, Esaias #Pufendorf continued his training at the university of #Leipzig where he studied #philosophy and #classical studies. In 1650 he received a doctoral degree for his dissertation on druids. Pufendorf started his career as educator of the son of Swedish field marshal Christopher of #Königsmarck through whom he came into contact with influential circles in #Sweden. In 1659 he entered into Swedish service as registrar in the royal chancery. (2/5)

#emdiplomacy #NewDiplomaticHistory #history #histodons #AdventCalendar #AdventCalendar2024

@histodons@a.gup.pe @earlymodern@a.gup.pe @historikerinnen@a.gup.pe