Linux

Why do you want to do this? If it's just to try out different distributions, I would suggest using per-distro virtual machines or USB drives instead.

Did somebody already mention distrobox?

You should be able to share a significant fraction of your home directory.

Do I basically just start off installing one distro on the full hard drive and then when I go to install the others, just choose the “run alongside” option? or would I have to manually partition things out?

If you install one distro on full hard drive you won't have room anymore for the rest, if you want multiple operating systems on your machine you need to partition manually with some planning ahead on how to allocate the space.

Any thing to worry about with conflicts between different types of distros

They don't interfere with each other, they don't even "see" each other once you booted into one, they only share the boot manager.

That being said, what you intend to do was the only way to learn many years ago when computers weren't as powerful as they are today (I did learn that way), but today ANY PC can manage virtual machines, they are much more practical and can save you a lot of time when you mess things up, because whatever you do is confined within the VM and doesn't affect your PC as a whole.

Install Virtualbox, have a look at how it works and use that to do all experiments you want, you can even learn to multiboot inside a single VM, without the risk of messing up your system.

Not really a solution to what you need, but you should consider distros other than manjaro, it does some shady stuff, has ddos'ed the AUR multiple times (even though the AUR is "unsupported") and let the security certificates for their site expire (their solution: to turn back your clock to update the system). You should try endeavour instead.

Choose one:

• XEN
• virt-manager