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For Frigate you can just add a Coral TPU to offload the heavy lifting but with Jellyfin you'll likely need a GPU/iGPU (Intel) that can handle transcoding. I don't know what specific models you're looking at but you might try to determine their passmark score. I think it's recommended at least 2000 score for a single 1080p transcode. Alternatively you can stick to specific file formats that won't need transcoding but this might be some work.
You could get a used Dell Optiplex micro. They have i3/i5 processors and can be found for around $100. This will at least get you going and you can always build something later.
I want to avoid Intel CPUs. I also don’t generally need transcoding for my setup but want the option and aside from Apple, Intel has the best encoders out there right now. AMD has better rendering GPUs but they have historically had absolutely terrible encoders. Nvidia is not getting my business. They can fuck right off.
I'm sorry but you'll need the Intel cpu if you want jellyfin. You can't control what devices your users will play the media from, and eventually transcoding will be needed. I think the amd field isn't doing great just yet on this regard. Any old Intel cpu past the 8xxx series will have enough transcoding ooomph to handle a bunch of simultaneous transcodes, once set. But yeah you need to make sure you have acceleration for the transcodes.
Why do I need an Intel CPU if they sell Intel GPUs separately that have their own encode/decode engines?