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You are required to provide your license and registration if pulled over for a traffic stop. For a non-traffic stop, the police need an actual crime they suspect to require anything from you. For a border checkpoint you're not required to provide proof of citizenship if you're a citizen. Other than those requirements, you're not required to answer police questions. They're not your friends.
Police cannot search your vehicle without either a warrant or probable cause that the vehicle contains evidence of a crime (or voluntary consent that you shouldn't ever give). You must follow lawful orders (vague term so risky to challenge), so if they tell you to get out, you probably should, but getting out of your vehicle when instructed does not in any way then allow them to search your car outside of the above reasons. Just being pulled over for a moving violation doesn't mean they can then go fishing for something more serious.
All that said, if the cops don't know the law, you can assert your rights all you want and they'll still search your vehicle and/or arrest you for nothing. Your only recourse is waiting for someone who does know the law to release you, and if they performed an illegal search to get the results thrown out. It's easier for most people not to assert their fourth amendment rights. Even if you're innocent you can still be screwed by the arrest so people take the path of least resistance.
* you 100% should, in literally every single situation I can think of unless your name is Tyre Nichols
Correct... but advising people to "stand up for their rights" if they start searching it anyway (with or without a legal basis that the person doesn't understand on the spot), I think is a lot more likely to get them arrested for obstruction than it is to change the cops' mind about doing the search. And then once they're arrested for a pretty solid reason, they can do a tow inventory without worrying about the search getting tossed out later, so they're on ironclad footing as far as whatever they find. You're technically right but I think explaining a little more detail about what you are talking about would probably be a better way to talk about it, in terms of what will happen to anyone who listens to you, even if the idea is right.
It absolutely does. They can call for a dog, they can see something that's in plain sight, they can allegedly smell burnt marijuana and there's nothing on the bodycam to show that they didn't. They can ask you incriminating questions in a friendly fashion, which if you are smart you won't give much of any response to. They can decide you have glossy eyes and they want you to get out and do a field sobriety test, and then they can pat you down to make sure you don't have any weapons for officer safety. There are certain limits on how they can go fishing for something more serious, but they absolutely can make the attempt, and if they find something without crossing certain boundaries, then it's fair game and you can be fucked. And there are some boundaries on how you're allowed to resist their fishing that a lot of people don't have a clear understanding of the details of.
On the whole most of what you are saying is right. You are substantially ahead of the curve as far as Lemmy law knowledge. The little caveats above are just little nitpicks honestly. But my point is, people are idiots and frequently get themselves arrested because they took advice like "stand up for your rights" seriously and went to bat about it, without really understanding what their rights are and how to stand up for them. I think more detail and understanding is important to provide. That's all I'm saying.