Standard pratices in the dairy industry are pretty brutal and really the only way to make anything cheap. For instance, what happens to the male calves after they are born? They are separated from their mothers and then shortly killed because they don't produce milk

If you want something looking at Indian dairy farms in particular:

We found serious welfare violations on every farm we visited [over 100], including cows tethered with ropes so tightly that they couldn’t move and babies torn away from their mothers. Animals spent their entire lives tied with ropes so short they could barely lay down.

Cows were injected with harmful drugs that caused painful symptoms of labor and destroyed their reproductive systems under the mistaken notion that they increased milk production. Our investigators documented routine use of these drugs, though they are banned by the Indian government.

We even witnessed a cow being bludgeoned with a hammer, in a heartbreaking act of cruelty.

Sadly, these are all considered standard practices in India, the world’s largest producer and consumer of dairy.

https://animalequality.org/blog/2022/03/08/our-global-mission-to-expose-dairys-hidden-cruelty/