If you're using Snapper does that mean that you're using btrfs? If so, you can use btrfs send and btrfs receive to respectively save or restore a snapshot to/from a file. Well copied from zfs ;-)
this post was submitted on 19 Oct 2023
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I am not familiar with btrfs send and receive. But I have a new rabbit hole to venture down. I don't have any ZFS storage setup, but I can expand! Thank you for the tip!
clonezilla can backup whole drives/partitions, but it doesn't allow booting from an image directly (by itself), but (with some tools) it's possible to mount a partition to a directory.
May have to give Clonezilla a try. I have tried to use my medicat USB to backup to external HDD and it wasn't playing nicely with Macrium Reflect or the other backup tools on there.
I would back up data (ie /home, /var, /etc) with Borg. If things break, just do a fresh install and restore data.
If a server, run it as a proxmox guest and snapshot the image on a schedule.
There are also things you could maybe do with ZFS.
Timeshift is what you are looking for if you want a functional backup system.