Have you looked at the characteristics of alginate? I ask because you'll want to make these tubes out of something you can source more of, because they will get damaged.
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producing plastics on site is already possible with today's technology, from just water and CO2:
if you want a keyword to read up on the whole process: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syngas
and as a follow-up calculation, i would do the same thing again, but this time not for small tubes to grow algae in, but instead for large human-sized habitats. i.e. a building for humans inside. i would like to know how much building material it would take, what would have to be the wall thickness, etc.
obviously that's gonna be much thicker than 10cm in diameter, more like 10 meters in diameter! and also not made of plastic, but steel, probably. i'll do the math another day though because i need to process all of this first.
also important notice: smaller tube sizes are preferable. because basically you want to half-fill these tubes with water, sothat the water covers a large part of the sun-lit surface area. and if the tubes become thicker, you're basically putting more water into it. i.e. the water depth increases.
if you have a tube with 10 cm diameter, it's gonna be half-filled with water, i.e. 5 cm of water deep. but if you take a tube with only 4 cm diameter, then the water would only be 2 cm deep. so basically you need less water to cover a certain area. because if you cover an area of 1m² 5cm deep, you'll need 50L of water, but if you only cover it 2cm deep, you only need 20L of water. you save 60%. thinner tube sizes are actually preferable.

