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Another fun fact, if you're out of Ukraine: In Europe, it is virtually always the case that the capital city of a country is also the largest city. The only two non-microstate exceptions that I recall are Switzerland (Bern and Zurich) and Kazakhstan (Astana and Almaty).
That's not the case for the US as a whole (Washington, DC and New York City), and more-often-than-not, it's also not the case for individual US states.
Not quite correct. Kazakhstan is in central Asia, not Europe, even by a loose definition. Instead, Belgium (Brussels vs. Antwerp) and - by some definitions of Europe - Turkey (Ankara vs. Istanbul) should be on your list.
Wikipedia has a complete list.
Edit: Germany used to be a case that did this intentionally until 1990. While it was split into West and East Germany, West Germany chose Bonn as its capital as Berlin was surrounded by East Germany. They could have chosen a large city like Hamburg, Munich, Cologne or Frankfurt but went with the much smaller Bonn to symbolize that it was only a temporary solution.
Some of the country extends into it, making it transcontinental, like Turkey. Yeah, I should have included Turkey; good catch.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstan
Oh, TIL that the small part by the Caspian Sea is far enough west to be considered Europe. Thanks for the correction.