I'll be honest, that "Iceberg Index" study doesn't convince me just yet. It's entirely built off of using LLMs to simulate human beings and the studies they cite to back up the effectiveness of such an approach are in paid journals that I can't access. I also can't figure out how exactly they mapped which jobs could be taken over by LLMs other than looking at 13k available "tools" (from MCPs to Zapier to OpenTools) and deciding which of the Bureau of Labor's 923 listed skills they were capable of covering. Technically, they asked an LLM to look at the tool and decide the skills it covers, but they claim they manually reviewed this LLM's output so I guess that counts.

Project Iceberg addresses this gap using Large Population Models to simulate the human–AI labor market, representing 151 million workers as autonomous agents executing over 32,000 skills across 3,000 counties and interacting with thousands of AI tools

from https://iceberg.mit.edu/report.pdf

Large Population Models is https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.09901 which mostly references https://github.com/AgentTorch/AgentTorch, which gives as an example of use the following:

user_prompt_template = "Your age is {age} {gender},{unemployment_rate} the number of COVID cases is {covid_cases}."
# Using Langchain to build LLM Agents
agent_profile = "You are a person living in NYC. Given some info about you and your surroundings, decide your willingness to work. Give answer as a single number between 0 and 1, only."

The whole thing perfectly straddles the line between bleeding-edge research and junk science for someone who hasn't been near academia in 7 years like myself. Most of the procedure looks like they know what they're doing, but if the entire thing is built on a faulty premise then there's no guaranteeing any of their results.

In any case, none of the authors for the recent study are listed in that article on the previous study, so this isn't necessarily a case of MIT as a whole changing it's tune.

(The recent article also feels like a DOGE-style ploy to curry favor with the current administration and/or AI corporate circuit, but that is a purely vibes-based assessment I have of the tone and language, not a meaningful critique)