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Battery interfaces. We have a huge variety of batteries for a huge variety of devices. However, when you open the proprietary shell of these batteries what you often find inside is standardized 18650 cells. They have been playing us for absolute fools.
Button cells should be standardised to only two sizes.
They are a health hazard, a live cell can eat through the stomach of a toddler very easily.
The main reason this occurs is because people buy those multiple size packs because every device has a different size.
That's true, but it's also a bit more complicated - you can't just jam a handful of 18650 cells together and have it work. They need to be matched with cells having similar capacity and internal resistance and depending on the operating characteristics the tolerance can be quite low.
So it is possible to make your own packs or repair ones, but you have to test each cell in the existing pack, as well as test each cell your want to replace in and make sure that they're all in tolerance to each other.
It's a similar problem to lead acid batteries. 2V cells are arranged in a way that will deliver 12V at sufficient current for a particular application. However the solution we have landed on is completely different to li-ion because you can take any suitably sized car battery from one brand of vehicle and put it in another. The reason for that is the interface is common to virtually all cars. This technology pre-dates enshitification. There is no good reason to tie any battery to any device other than it helps the shareholders. They are busy inserting barriers to re-use and modularity everywhere in technology, particularly software.
We, as consumers, really do need to step up our battery knowledge. I would say, general electronics should be a mandatory requirement. Heck it should be a major part of the curriculum.