Conclusion:
We confirm from the review of the literature on epidemiological data, meta-analysis, and clinical interventions where dietary cholesterol challenges were utilized that there is not a direct correlation between cholesterol intake and blood cholesterol. This lack of correlation is mainly due to the compensatory mechanisms exerted by the organism to manage excess dietary cholesterol, including decreases in cholesterol absorption and down-regulation of cholesterol synthesis. A great number of epidemiological studies and meta-analysis indicate that dietary cholesterol is not associated with CVD risk nor with elevated plasma cholesterol concentrations. Clinical interventions in the last 20 years demonstrate that challenges with dietary cholesterol do not increase the biomarkers associated with heart disease risk. Further, in the specific circumstances where eggs are the source of dietary cholesterol, an improvement in dyslipidemias is observed due to the formation of less atherogenic lipoproteins and changes in HDL associated with a more efficient reverse cholesterol transport. However, if the cholesterol sources are consumed with saturated and trans fats, as happens in the Western diet pattern, increases in plasma cholesterol may be observed. The most recent epidemiological data and clinical interventions for the most part continue to support the USDA 2015 dietary guidelines that removed the upper limit of dietary cholesterol.
The document reviews the relationship between dietary and blood cholesterol, highlighting that recent epidemiological studies and clinical interventions have found no direct correlation between the two. It notes that outdated dietary guidelines limited cholesterol intake to 300 mg/day, but newer research suggests that dietary cholesterol does not significantly impact blood cholesterol levels.
The review discusses how dietary cholesterol from eggs does not increase the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and may even have beneficial effects on plasma lipoprotein subfractions and HDL cholesterol. It also mentions that the body has mechanisms to manage excess dietary cholesterol, such as decreased absorption and down-regulation of cholesterol synthesis.
The document concludes that current evidence supports the removal of upper limits on dietary cholesterol, as recommended by the 2015 USDA dietary guidelines.
Epidemiology is difficult, and it's good to keep in mind that the conclusions we draw from counting things and finding correlations may be confounded by many variables.
Not in this review but it is perhaps worth mentioning that the only statistically significant finding in Women's Health Initiative randomized controlled trial was that women with a history of heart disease faced a 26% increased chance of complications such as heart attack on a low saturated fat diet:
Eggs aren't bad for you in terms of heart disease:
Substituting carbs with eggs for breakfast results in a lowering of blood cholesterol:
Dietary cholesterol increases the size of plasma cholesterol particles. Smaller cholesterol particles are correlated with atherogenic dyslipidemia.
The body is able to regulate plasma cholesterol levels:
This is rather surprising. I wonder if in that 4 week window people reduced their damaged LDL?
I also wonder if the time matters when replacing the carbohydrates with eggs? I think our bodies respond differently to meals at different times of day. Is there only a clear benefit at breakfast-time?
I'm not familiar with this theory. How would it work?
Let's say someone does one meal a day, would they have different benefits from eating when they wake up, noon, or when they go to sleep?
I could see digestion interfering with good quality sleep
I try not to eat within a few hours of bed, heavy digestion messes with my sleep, though I have napped not long after eating I think that's different to deep sleep
I've noticed this too! Eating before sleeping makes for less restful sleep and bad dreams. It's not subtle, its very noticeable. I typically eat one meal around noon, not typically a issue.
From what I've read part of it has to do with circadian rhythms.
High Caloric intake at breakfast vs. dinner differentially influences weight loss of overweight and obese women This study showed that the group eating breakfast showed greater weight loss and waist circumference reduction.
As I understand it hormone secretion also follows circadian rhythms, influencing the way the body responds to a meal.
From The Complete Guide to Fasting:
I suppose this makes sense, active muscles will uptake glucose throughout the day limiting insulin spikes. I wonder if this would also happen in a keto/carnivore population.
I've yet to read Dr Fung's book, its on the list! It looks interesting.
Unlike The Diabetes/Cancer/Obesity code, a lot of it is anecdotal. Most of the science is in the last third of the book for some reason. You could skip more than half and still get most of the important takeaways from the book! I still found it useful since I've not done any fasts longer than 16 hours before.
The key is to eat too much. I try to just eat pemmican (I should post my recipe again now we've moved twice) my pemmican is just dried meat and rendered suet.
The recent batch was thicker than usual, so when I cut it up each piece was maybe 30% larger than normal
I put a piece on a plate, ate maybe two thirds of it and was full. But I left it in front of me, so over the next hour I picked at it until I had eaten it all.
I didn't eat anything the next day
I would love a recipe for pemmican. Looking forward to it!
https://aussie.zone/post/22961218 it's up
Working on it